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Sound and Music Review
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Part B: Multiple Option
ten. What type of wave is produced when the particles of the medium are vibrating to and fro in the same direction of wave propagation?
| a. longitudinal moving ridge. | b. sound wave. | c. standing wave. | d. transverse wave. |
Answer: A
This is the definition of a longitudinal wave. A longitudinal moving ridge is a moving ridge in which particles of the medium vibrate to and fro in a direction parallel to the management of energy transport.
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11.
When the particles of a medium are vibrating at right angles to the management of energy send, the type of wave is described as a _____ wave.
| a. longitudinal | b. sound | c. continuing | d. transverse |
Answer: D
This is the definition of a transverse wave. A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate to and fro in a direction perpendicular to the management of energy transport.
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12.
A transverse wave is traveling through a medium. See diagram below. The particles of the medium are moving.
| a. parallel to the line joining AD. | b. along the line joining CI. |
| c. perpendicular to the line joining Advertisement. | d. at various angles to the line CI. |
| e. forth the curve CAEJGBI. |
Answer: A
In transverse waves, particles of the medium vibrate to and fro in a direction perpendicular to the direction of free energy transport. In this case, that would exist parallel to the line AD.
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13.
If the energy in a longitudinal moving ridge travels from south to north, the particles of the medium ____.
| a. motion from north to south, just. | b. vibrate both north and south. |
| c. move from e to west, only. | d. vibrate both eastward and due west. |
Answer: B
In longitudinal waves, particles of the medium vibrate to and from in a direction parallel to the direction of energy transport. If the particles simply moved northward and not dorsum due south, and so the particles would be permanently displaced from their rest position; this is not wavelike.
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14.
The chief factor which effects the speed of a audio wave is the ____.
| a. amplitude of the sound moving ridge | b. intensity of the sound moving ridge |
| c. loudness of the audio wave | d. properties of the medium |
| east. pitch of the sound wave |
Answer: D
The speed of a wave is dependent upon the backdrop of the medium and not the properties of the wave.
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15.
As a wave travels into a medium in which its speed increases, its wavelength ____.
| a. decreases | b. increases | c. remains the aforementioned |
Respond: B
Equally a moving ridge crosses a boundary into a new medium, its speed and wavelength change while its frequency remains the same. If the speed increases, then the wavelength must increase as well in order to maintain the same frequency.
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16.
As a wave passes across a boundary into a new medium, which feature of the wave would Non change?
| a. speed | b. frequency | c. wavelength |
Reply: B
As a moving ridge crosses a boundary into a new medium, its speed and wavelength alter while its frequency remains the same. This is true of all waves as they pass from one medium to some other medium.
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17.
The ____ is defined as the number of cycles of a periodic moving ridge occurring per unit of measurement fourth dimension.
| a. wavelength | b. menstruation | c. amplitude | d. frequency |
Answer: D
This is a bones definition which y'all should know and be able to apply.
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18.
Many wave properties are dependent upon other wave properties. Nonetheless, one wave property is independent of all other moving ridge backdrop. Which i of the following properties of a moving ridge is independent of all the others?
| a. wavelength | b. frequency | c. period | d. velocity |
Answer: D
The speed (or velocity) of a wave is dependent upon the properties of the medium through which information technology moves, not upon the backdrop of the wave itself.
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19.
Consider the motion of waves in a wire. Waves volition travel fastest in a ____ wire.
| a. tight and heavy | b. tight and lite | c. loose and heavy | d. loose and light |
Answer: B
The speed of a wave in a wire is given by the equation
where Ftens is the tension of the wire and a measure of how tight it is pulled and mu is the linear density of the wire and a mensurate of how low-cal it is on a per meter basis. Tighter wires allow for faster speeds. Light wires allow for faster speeds.
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The SI unit for frequency is hertz.
Answer: A
Know this similar the dorsum of your mitt (bold you know the back of your hand well).
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Doubling the frequency of a sound source doubles the speed of the sound waves which information technology produces.
Answer: B
Don't be fooled. Wave speed may equal frequency*wavelength. All the same doubling the frequency only halves the wavelength; wave speed remains the aforementioned. To change the wave speed, the medium would accept to exist changed.
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22.
A audio wave has a wavelength of iii.0 m. The altitude betwixt the center of a compression and the middle of the next adjacent rarefaction is ____.
| a. 0.75 m. | b. 1.v m. | c. 3.0 m. | d. 6.0 m. |
| e. impossible to calculate without knowing frequency. | |||
Answer: B
The wavelength of a wave is measured as the distance between any two corresponding points on adjacent wave. For a sound wave, that would be from compression to the adjacent adjacent compression. If that altitude is iii.0 meters, and so the distance from compression to the next adjacent rarefaction is ane.five m.
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23.
Which one of the following factors determines the pitch of a sound?
a. The amplitude of the sound waveb. The altitude of the audio wave from the source
c. The frequency of the sound wave
d. The phase of dissimilar parts of the sound wave
eastward. The speed of the sound wave
Answer: C
The pitch of a sound moving ridge is related to the frequency of the sound wave.
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24.
A certain note is produced when a person blows air into an organ piping. The style in which one blows on a organ pipage (or any pipe) will consequence the characteristics of the sound which is produced. If the person blows slightly harder, the most probable modify will be that the sound wave will increase in ____.
| a. amplitude | b. frequency | c. pitch | d. speed | e. wavelength |
Answer: A
If y'all put more energy into the moving ridge - i.eastward., blow harder - then the amplitude of the waves will be greater. Energy and aamplitude are related.
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25.
A vibrating object with a frequency of 200 Hz produces audio which travels through air at 360 m/s. The number of meters separating the adjacent compressions in the audio wave is ____.
| a. 0.90 | b. i.8 | c. 3.6 | d. seven.2 | east. 200 |
Answer: B
Let w=wavelength; then 5 = westward*f. In this problem, it is given that v=360 m/s and f = 200 Hz. Exchange and algebra yields w = v/f = 1.8 yard. The question asks for the wavelength - i.eastward., the altitude between adjacent compressions.
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26.
Consider the diagram beneath of several circular waves created at various times and locations. The diagram illustrates ____.
| a. interference | b. diffraction | c. the Doppler effect. | d. polarization |
Answer: C
The Doppler effect or Doppler shift occurs when a source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The observer observes a dissimilar frequency of waves than that emitted by the source. This is due to the fact that the waves are compressed together into less space in the direction in which the source is heading.
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27.
In the diagram higher up, a person positioned at point A would perceive __________ frequency as the person positioned at point B.
| a. a higher | b. a lower | c. the same |
Answer: A
The Doppler effect or Doppler shift occurs when a source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The observer observes a different frequency of waves than that emitted by the source. If the source and observer are approaching, then the observed frequency is higher than the emitted frequency. If the source and observer are moving abroad from each other, the observer observes a lower frequency than the emitted frequency.
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28.
A girl moves abroad from a source of audio at a constant speed. Compared to the frequency of the sound moving ridge produced by the source, the frequency of the sound wave heard by the girl is ____.
| a. lower. | b. college. | c. the same. |
Answer: A
The Doppler effect or Doppler shift occurs when a source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The observer observes a different frequency of waves than that emitted by the source. If the source and observer are moving away, then the observed frequency is lower than the emitted frequency.
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29.
An earth-based receiver is detecting electromagnetic waves from a source in outer space. If the frequency of the waves are observed to exist increasing, then the distance between the source and the earth is probably ____.
| a. decreasing. | b. increasing. | c. remaining the same. |
Answer: A
The Doppler upshot or Doppler shift occurs when a source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The observer observes a dissimilar frequency of waves than that emitted by the source. If the source and observer are approaching, then the observed frequency is higher than the emitted frequency. If the source and observer are budgeted, then the distance between them is decreasing.
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30.
As two or more waves pass simultaneously through the same region, ____ tin can occur.
| a. refraction | b. diffraction | c. interference | d. reflection |
Reply: C
Interference is the meeting of two or more than waves when passing along the same medium - a bones definition which you should know and be able to apply.
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If 2 crests meet while passing through the same medium, and then constructive interference occurs.
Answer: A
Yes! Or when a trough meets a trough or whenever 2 waves displaced in the aforementioned direction - both upward or both downwards - meet.
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32.
A node is a bespeak along a medium where at that place is always ____.
| a. a crest meeting a crest | b. a trough meeting a trough | c. constructive interference |
| d. destructive interference | e. a double rarefaction. |
Answer: D
A node is a point along the medium of no displacement. The indicate is not displaced because subversive interference occurs at this point.
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It is possible that one vibrating object can prepare another object into vibration if the natural frequencies of the 2 objects are the same.
Respond: A
Yeah! This is known as resonance. Resonance occurs when a vibrating object forces another object into vibration at the same natural frequency. A basic definition of a commonly discussed miracle.
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34.
An object is vibrating at its natural frequency. Repeated and periodic vibrations of the same natural frequency impinge upon the vibrating object and the amplitude of its vibrations are observed to increment. This miracle is known as ____.
| a. beats | b. fundamental | c. interference | d. overtone | eastward. resonance |
Answer: E
Resonance occurs when a vibrating object forces another object into vibration at the same natural frequency and thus increase the amplitude of its vibrations. A basic definition of a ordinarily discussed phenomenon.
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35.
A standing wave experiment is performed to determine the speed of waves in a rope. The continuing wave pattern shown below is established in the rope. The rope makes ninety.0 complete vibrational cycles in exactly one minute. The speed of the waves is ____ g/due south.
| a. iii.0 | b. vi.0 | c. 180 | d. 360 | e. 540 |
Answer: B
Xc vibrations in 60.0 seconds ways a frequency of 1.50 Hz. The diagram shows i.5 waves in half dozen.0-meters of rope; thus, the wavelength (west) is 4 meters. Now employ the equation five=f*west to summate the speed of the wave. Proper exchange yields 6.0 one thousand/south.
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36.
Continuing waves are produced in a wire by vibrating one stop at a frequency of 100. Hz. The distance between the 2nd and the 5th nodes is 60.0 cm. The wavelength of the original traveling wave is ____ cm.
| a. 50.0 | b. forty.0 | c. thirty.0 | d. 20.0 | eastward. fifteen.0 |
Respond: B
The frequency is given as 100. Hz and the wavelength can be found from the other givens. The distance betwixt adjacent nodes is one-half a wavelength; thus the sixty.0-cm distance from 2nd to fifth node is one.50 wavelengths. For this reason, the wavelength is 40.0 cm.
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37.
Consider the standing wave design shown below. A wave generated at the left end of the medium undergoes reflection at the fixed end on the right side of the medium. The number of antinodes in the diagram is
| a. 3.0 | b. v.0 | c. 6.0 | d. seven.0 | e. 12 |
Reply: C
An antinode is a betoken on the medium which oscillates from a large + to a large - deportation. Count the number of these points - there are 6 - but do not count them twice.
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38.
The standing wave pattern in the diagram to a higher place is representative of the ____ harmonic.
| a. third | b. fifth | c. 6th | d. seventh | e. twelfth |
Answer: C
If there are 6 antinodes in the continuing wave pattern, and then information technology is the 6th harmonic.
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39.
The distance between successive nodes in whatsoever standing wave pattern is equivalent to ____ wavelengths.
| a. one/four | b. 1/2 | c. 3/iv | d. 1 | e. ii. |
Reply: B
Describe a standing wave pattern or await at one which is already fatigued; note that the nodes are positioned one-half of a wavelength apart. This is truthful for guitar strings and for both airtight-cease and open-end resonance tubes.
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40.
A vibrating tuning fork is held in a higher place a closed-end air cavalcade, forcing the air into resonance. If the sound waves created past the tuning fork have a wavelength of Due west, so the length of the air column could NOT be ____.
| a. 1/4 W | b. 2/4 W | c. three/4 W | d. v/4 W | east. 7/4 Westward |
Reply: B
Review your diagrams for the standing wave patterns in closed stop air columns; note that resonance occurs when the length of the air column is i/4, 3/four, five/4, 7/4, ... of a wavelength. Considering these possible resonant lengths are characterized past an odd-numbered numerator, it is said that closed-finish air columns simply produce odd harmonics.
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A vibrating tuning fork is held to a higher place an air column, forcing the air into resonance. The length of the air cavalcade is adjusted to obtain diverse resonances. The sound waves created past the tuning fork have a wavelength of W. The difference between the successive lengths of the air column at which resonance occurs is 1/2 West.
Answer: A
True! Observe the standing wave patterns and the length-wavelength relationships which nosotros have discussed for both open- and closed-finish tubes. In each example, resonance occurs at lengths of tubes which are separated past half wavelength; e.1000., Closed: .25*W, .75*wW 1.25*Due west, ane.75*Westward... Open: .5*West, 1.0*Westward, 1.5*W, 2.0*W, ...
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An organ pipe which is closed at one end will resonate if its length is equal to ane-one-half of the wavelength of the sound in the piping.
Reply: B
Information technology will resonate if the length is equal to the one-fourth (or three-fourths, or v-fourths or ...) the wavelength of the sound moving ridge.
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43. A 20.0-cm long pipe is covered at i end in order to create a airtight-end air column. A
vibrating tuning fork is held near its open stop, forcing the air to vibrate in its beginning harmonic. The wavelength of the standing wave pattern is ____.
| a. v.00 cm | b. x.0 cm | c. 20.0 cm | d. xl.0 cm | eastward. 80.0 cm |
Answer: Eastward
This is a closed-cease air column. If you depict the standing wave pattern for the first harmonic, you will notice that the wavelength is four times the length of the air column. Thus have the length of 20.0 cm and multiply by iv.
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44.
A stretched string vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 100. Hz. The frequency of the second harmonic is ____.
| a. 25.0 Hz | b. 50.0 Hz | c. 100. Hz | d. 200. Hz | e. 400. Hz |
Answer: D
The frequency of the nth harmonic is due north times the frequency of the starting time harmonic where northward is an integer. Thus, f2 = 2*f1 = 2*100. Hz = 200. Hz.
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45.
A 40.-cm long plastic tube is open at both ends and resonating in its starting time harmonic. The wavelength of the sound which will produce this resonance is ____.
| a. ten. cm | b. 20. cm | c. 40. cm | d. fourscore. cm | e. 160 cm |
Answer: D
For an open up-end air column, the length of the column is 0.5*wavelength. This becomes evident after drawing the continuing moving ridge pattern for this harmonic. Then, plug in 40. cm for length and summate the wavelength.
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46.
The diagrams below stand for four dissimilar standing moving ridge patterns in air columns of the aforementioned length. Which of the columns is/are vibrating at its/their fundamental frequency? Include all that apply.
Answer: CD
The fundamental frequency is the lowest possible frequency for that instrument, and thus the longest possible wavelength. For open tubes, in that location would exist anti-nodes on each end and a node in the middle. For closed end tubes, there would be a node on the closed end, an anti-node on the open up finish, and nothing in the middle. Diagram C is the third harmonic for a closed end tube and diagram D is the second harmonic for an open up-terminate tube.
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47.
The diagrams above (Question #46) represent four different standing wave patterns in air columns of equal length. Which of the columns will produce the note having the highest pitch?
| a. A | b. B | c. C | d. D |
| eastward. All column produce notes having the aforementioned pitch | |||
Answer: D
Just await at the wave patterns and notice that the shortest wavelength is in diagram D and so it must accept the highest frequency or pitch.
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48.
An air column closed at ane end filled with air resonates with a 200.-Hz tuning fork. The resonant length corresponding to the first harmonic is 42.five cm. The speed of the audio must exist ____.
| a. 85.0 m/s | b. 170. m/s | c. 340. one thousand/s | d. 470. grand/southward | e. 940 chiliad/s |
Reply: C
Draw the standing wave design for the first harmonic of a closed-end tube to help with the length-wavelength relation. Then, 50=0.425 m then w=ane.70 m. Since f is given every bit 200. Hz, the speed can be calculated as f*w or 200. Hz*i.vii m. The speed of audio is 340 m/s.
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A violinist plays a note whose key frequency is 220 Hz. The tertiary harmonic of that note is 800 Hz.
Answer: B
The frequency of the nth harmonic is n times the frequency of the beginning harmonic where due north is an integer. Thus, fiii = 3*fi = three*220 Hz = 660 Hz.
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fifty.
In order for two sound waves to produce aural beats, it is essential that the two waves have ____.
| a. the same aamplitude | b. the same frequency |
| c. the same number of overtones | d. slightly different amplitudes |
| e. slightly dissimilar frequencies |
Answer: Due east
Beats occur whenever two sound sources emit sounds of slightly dissimilar frequencies. Maybe y'all retrieve the sit-in in class with the ii tuning forks of slightly different frequencies.
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51. Truthful or Fake:
Ii tuning forks with frequencies of 256 Hz and 258 Hz are sounded at the aforementioned time. Beats are observed; 2 beats volition be heard in 2 southward.
Answer: B
Beats occur whenever two sound sources emit sounds of slightly different frequencies. The beat out frequency is just the difference in frequency of the two sources. In this example, the crush frequency would exist 2.0 Hz, which means that 2 beats would be heard every 1 2d or iv beats every 2 seconds.
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52. A tuning fork of frequency 384 Hz is sounded at the same time as a guitar string. Beats are observed; exactly xxx beats are heard in x.0 s. The frequency of the string in hertz is ____.
| a. 38.four | b. 354 or 414 | c. 369 or 399 | d. 374 or 394 | due east. 381 or 387 |
Answer: Due east
Beats occur whenever two sound sources emit sounds of slightly different frequencies. The beat frequency is just the difference in frequency of the two sources. In this case, the beat out frequency is given as 3.00 Hz, which means that the 2d source must accept a frequency of either 3.00 Hz in a higher place or 3.00 Hz below the offset source - either 381 Hz or 387 Hz.
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